1984年9月20日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过
根据1998年4月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国森林法〉的决定》修正
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 森林经营管理
第三章 森林保护
第四章 植树造林
第五章 森林采伐
第六章 法律责任
第七章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护、培育和合理利用森林资源，加快国土绿化，发挥森林蓄水保土、调节气候、改善环境和提供林产品的作用，适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要，特制定本法。
第二条 在中华人民共和国领域内从事森林、林木的培育种植、采伐利用和森林、林木、林地的经营管理活动，都必须遵守本法。
第三条 森林资源属于国家所有，由法律规定属于集体所有的除外。
国家所有的和集体所有的森林、林木和林地，个人所有的林木和使用的林地，由县级以上地方人民政府登记造册，发放证书，确认所有权或者使用权。国务院可以授权国务院林业主管部门，对国务院确定的国家所有的重点林区的森林、林木和林地登记造册，发放证书，并通知有关地方人民政府。
森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者的合法权益，受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。
第四条 森林分为以下五类：
（一） 防护林：以防护为主要目的的森林、林木和灌木丛，包括水源涵养林，水土保持林，防风固沙林，农田、牧场防护林，护岸林，护路林；
（二） 用材林：以生产木材为主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林；
（三） 经济林：以生产果品，食用油料、饮料、调料，工业原料和药材等为主要目的的林木；
（四） 薪炭林：以生产燃料为主要目的的林木；
（五） 特种用途林：以国防、环境保护、科学实验等为主要目的的森林和林木，包括国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木，自然保护区的森林。
第五条 林业建设实行以营林为基础，普遍护林，大力造林，采育结合，永续利用的方针。
第六条 国家鼓励林业科学研究，推广林业先进技术，提高林业科学技术水平。
第七条 国家保护林农的合法权益，依法减轻林农的负担，禁止向林农违法收费、罚款，禁止向林农进行摊派和强制集资。
国家保护承包造林的集体和个人的合法权益，任何单位和个人不得侵犯承包造林的集体和个人依法享有的林木所有权和其他合法权益。
第八条 国家对森林资源实行以下保护性措施：
（一） 对森林实行限额采伐，鼓励植树造林、封山育林，扩大森林覆盖面积；
（二） 根据国家和地方人民政府有关规定，对集体和个人造林、育林给予经济扶持或者长期贷款；
（三） 提倡木材综合利用和节约使用木材，鼓励开发、利用木材代用品；
（四） 征收育林费，专门用于造林育林；
（五） 煤炭、造纸等部门，按照煤炭和木浆纸张等产品的产量提取一定数额的资金，专门用于营造坑木、造纸等用材林；
（六） 建立林业基金制度。
国家设立森林生态效益补偿基金，用于提供生态效益的防护林和特种用途林的森林资源、林木的营造、抚育、保护和管理。森林生态效益补偿基金必须专款专用，不得挪作他用。具体办法由国务院规定。
第九条 国家和省、自治区人民政府，对民族自治地方的林业生产建设，依照国家对民族自治地方自治权的规定，在森林开发、木材分配和林业基金使用方面，给予比一般地区更多的自主权和经济利益。
第十条 国务院林业主管部门主管全国林业工作。县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门，主管本地区的林业工作。乡级人民政府设专职或者兼职人员负责林业工作。
第十一条 植树造林、保护森林，是公民应尽的义务。各级人民政府应当组织全民义务植树，开展植树造林活动。
第十二条 在植树造林、保护森林、森林管理以及林业科学研究等方面成绩显著的单位或者个人，由各级人民政府给予奖励。
第二章 森林经营管理
第十三条 各级林业主管部门依照本法规定，对森林资源的保护、利用、更新，实行管理和监督。
第十四条 各级林业主管部门负责组织森林资源清查，建立资源档案制度，掌握资源变化情况。
第十五条 下列森林、林木、林地使用权可以依法转让，也可以依法作价入股或者作为合资、合作造林、经营林木的出资、合作条件，但不得将林地改为非林地：
（一） 用材林、经济林、薪炭林；
（二） 用材林、经济林、薪炭林的林地使用权；
（三） 用材林、经济林、薪炭林的采伐迹地、火烧迹地的林地使用权；
（四） 国务院规定的其他森林、林木和其他林地使用权。
依照前款规定转让、作价入股或者作为合资、合作造林、经营林木的出资、合作条件的，已经取得的林木采伐许可证可以同时转让，同时转让双方都必须遵守本法关于森林、林木采伐和更新造林的规定。
除本条第一款规定的情形外，其他森林、林木和其他林地使用权不得转让。
具体办法由国务院规定。
第十六条 各级人民政府应当制定林业长远规划。国有林业企业事业单位和自然保护区，应当根据林业长远规划，编制森林经营方案，报上级主管部门批准后实行。
林业主管部门应当指导农村集体经济组织和国有的农场、牧场、工矿企业等单位编制森林经营方案。
第十七条 单位之间发生的林木、林地所有权和使用权争议，由县级以上人民政府依法处理。
个人之间、个人与单位之间发生的林木所有权和林地使用权争议，由当地县级或者乡级人民政府依法处理。
当事人对人民政府的处理决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉。
在林木、林地权属争议解决以前，任何一方不得砍伐有争议的林木。
第十八条 进行勘查、开采矿藏和各项建设工程，应当不占或者少占林地；必须占用或者征用林地的，经县级以上人民政府林业主管部门审核同意后，依照有关土地管理的法律、行政法规办理建设用地审批手续，并由用地单位依照国务院有关规定缴纳森林植被恢复费。森林植被恢复费专款专用，由林业主管部门依照有关规定统一安排植树造林，恢复森林植被，植树造林面积不得少于因占用、征用林地而减少的森林植被面积。上级林业主管部门应当定期督促、检查下级林业主管部门组织植树造林、恢复森林植被的情况。
任何单位和个人不得挪用森林植被恢复费。县级以上人民政府审计机关应当加强对森林植被恢复费使用情况的监督。
第三章 森林保护
第十九条 地方各级人民政府应当组织有关部门建立护林组织，负责护林工作；根据实际需要在大面积林区增加护林设施，加强森林保护；督促有林的和林区的基层单位，订立护林公约，组织群众护林，划定护林责任区，配备专职或者兼职护林员。
护林员可以由县级或者乡级人民政府委任。护林员的主要职责是：巡护森林，制止破坏森林资源的行为。对造成森林资源破坏的，护林员有权要求当地有关部门处理。
第二十条 依照国家有关规定在林区设立的森林公安机关，负责维护辖区社会治安秩序，保护辖区内的森林资源，并可以依照本法规定，在国务院林业主管部门授权的范围内，代行本法第三十九条、第四十二条、第四十三条、第四十四条规定的行政处罚权。
武装森林警察部队执行国家赋予的预防和扑救森林火灾的任务。
第二十一条 地方各级人民政府应当切实做好森林火灾的预防和扑救工作：
（一） 规定森林防火期，在森林防火期内，禁止在林区野外用火；因特殊情况需要用火的，必须经过县级人民政府或者县级人民政府授权的机关批准；
（二） 在林区设置防火设施；
（三） 发生森林火灾，必须立即组织当地军民和有关部门扑救；
（四） 因扑救森林火灾负伤、致残、牺牲的，国家职工由所在单位给予医疗、抚恤；非国家职工由起火单位按照国务院有关主管部门的规定给予医疗、抚恤，起火单位对起火没有责任或者确实无力负担的，由当地人民政府给予医疗、抚恤。
第二十二条 各级林业主管部门负责组织森林病虫害防治工作。
林业主管部门负责规定林木种苗的检疫对象，划定疫区和保护区，对林木种苗进行检疫。
第二十三条 禁止毁林开垦和毁林采石、采砂、采土以及其他毁林行为。
禁止在幼林地和特种用途林内砍柴、放牧。
进入森林和森林边缘地区的人员，不得擅自移动或者损坏为林业服务的标志。
第二十四条 国务院林业主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，应当在不同自然地带的典型森林生态地区、珍贵动物和植物生长繁殖的林区、天然热带雨林区和具有特殊保护价值的其他天然林区，划定自然保护区，加强保护管理。
自然保护区的管理办法，由国务院林业主管部门制定，报国务院批准施行。
对自然保护区以外的珍贵树木和林区内具有特殊价值的植物资源，应当认真保护；未经省、自治区、直辖市林业主管部门批准，不得采伐和采集。
第二十五条 林区内列为国家保护的野生动物，禁止猎捕；因特殊需要猎捕的，按照国家有关法规办理。
第四章 植树造林
第二十六条 各级人民政府应当制定植树造林规划，因地制宜地确定本地区提高森林覆盖率的奋斗目标。
各级人民政府应当组织各行各业和城乡居民完成植树造林规划确定的任务。
宜林荒山荒地，属于国家所有的，由林业主管部门和其他主管部门组织造林；属于集体所有的，由集体经济组织组织造林。
铁路公路两旁、江河两侧、湖泊水库周围，由各有关主管单位因地制宜地组织造林；工矿区，机关、学校用地，部队营区以及农场、牧场、渔场经营地区，由各该单位负责造林。
国家所有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地可以由集体或者个人承包造林。
第二十七条 国有企业事业单位、机关、团体、部队营造的林木，由营造单位经营并按照国家规定支配林木收益。
集体所有制单位营造的林木，归该单位所有。
农村居民在房前屋后、自留地、自留山种植的林木，归个人所有。城镇居民和职工在自有房屋的庭院内种植的林木，归个人所有。
集体或者个人承包国家所有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地造林的，承包后种植的林木归承包的集体或者个人所有；承包合同另有规定的，按照承包合同的规定执行。
第二十八条 新造幼林地和其他必须封山育林的地方，由当地人民政府组织封山育林。
第五章 森林采伐
第二十九条 国家根据用材林的消耗量低于生长量的原则，严格控制森林年采伐量。国家所有的森林和林木以国有林业企业事业单位、农场、厂矿为单位，集体所有的森林和林木、个人所有的林木以县为单位，制定年采伐限额，由省、自治区、直辖市林业主管部门汇总，经同级人民政府审核后，报国务院批准。
第三十条 国家制定统一的年度木材生产计划。年度木材生产计划不得超过批准的年采伐限额。计划管理的范围由国务院规定。
第三十一条 采伐森林和林木必须遵守下列规定：
（一） 成熟的树林应当根据不同情况，分别采取择伐、皆伐和渐伐方式，皆伐应当严格控制，并在采伐的当年或者次年内完成更新造林；
（二） 防护林和特种用途林中的国防林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，只准进行抚育和更新性质的采伐；
（三） 特种用途林中的名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木、自然保护区的森林，严禁采伐。
第三十二条 采伐林木必须申请采伐许可证，按许可证的规定进行采伐；农村居民采伐自留地和房前屋后个人所有的零星林木除外。
国有林业企业事业单位、机关、团体、部队、学校和其他国有企业事业单位采伐林木，由所在地县级以上林业主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
铁路、公路的护路林和城镇林木的更新采伐，由有关主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
农村集体经济组织采伐林木，由县级林业主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
农村居民采伐自留山和个人承包集体的林木，由县级林业主管部门或者其委托的乡、镇人民政府依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
采伐以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林，适用以上各款规定。
第三十三条 审核发放采伐许可证的部门，不得超过批准的年采伐限额发放采伐许可证。
第三十二条 采伐林木必须申请采伐许可证，按许可证的规定进行采伐；农村居民采伐自留地和房前屋后个人所有的零星林木除外。
国有林业企业事业单位、机关、团体、部队、学校和其他国有企业事业单位采伐林木，由所在地县级以上林业主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
铁路、公路的护路林和城镇林木的更新采伐，由有关主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
农村集体经济组织采伐林木，由县级林业主管部门依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
农村居民采伐自留山和个人承包集体的林木，由县级林业主管部门或者其委托的乡、镇人民政府依照有关规定审核发放采伐许可证。
采伐以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林，适用以上各款规定。
第三十三条 审核发放采伐许可证的部门，不得超过批准的年采伐限额发放采伐许可证。
第三十四条 国有林业企业事业单位申请采伐许可证时，必须提出伐区调查设计文件。其他单位申请采伐许可证时，必须提出有关采伐的目的、地点、林种、林况、面积、蓄积、方式和更新措施等内容的文件。
对伐区作业不符合规定的单位，发放采伐许可证的部门有权收缴采伐许可证，中止其采伐，直到纠正为止。
第三十五条 采伐林木的单位或者个人，必须按照采伐许可证规定的面积、株数、树种、期限完成更新造林任务，更新造林的面积和株数不得少于采伐的面积和株数。
第三十六条 林区木材的经营和监督管理办法，由国务院另行规定。
第三十七条 从林区运出木材，必须持有林业主管部门发给的运输证件，国家统一调拨的木材除外。
依法取得采伐许可证后，按照许可证的规定采伐的木材，从林区运出时，林业主管部门应当发给运输证件。
经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，可以在林区设立木材检查站，负责检查木材运输。对未取得运输证件或者物资主管部门发给的调拨通知书运输木材的，木材检查站有权制止。
第三十八条 国家禁止、限制出口珍贵树木及其制品、衍生物。禁止、限制出口的珍贵树木及其制品、衍生物的名录和年度限制出口总量，由国务院林业主管部门会同国务院有关部门制定，报国务院批准。
出口前款规定限制出口的珍贵树木或者其制品、衍生物的，必须经出口人所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门审核，报国务院林业主管部门批准，海关凭国务院林业主管部门的批准文件放行。进出口的树木或者其制品、衍生物属于中国参加的国际公约限制进出口的濒危物种的，并必须向国家濒危物种进出口管理机构申请办理允许进出口证明书，海关并凭允许进出口证明书放行。
第六章 法律责任
第三十九条 盗伐森林或者其他林木的，依法赔偿损失；由林业主管部门责令补种盗伐株数十倍的树木，没收盗伐的林木或者变卖所得，并处盗伐林木价值三倍以上十倍以下的罚款。
滥伐森林或者其他林木，由林业主管部门责令补种滥伐株数五倍的树木，并处滥伐林木价值二倍以上五倍以下的罚款。
拒不补种树木或者补种不符合国家有关规定的，由林业主管部门代为补种，所需费用由违法者支付。
盗伐、滥伐森林或者其他林木，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十条 违反本法规定，非法采伐、毁坏珍贵树木的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十一条 违反本法规定，超过批准的年采伐限额发放林木采伐许可证或者超越职权发放林木采伐许可证、木材运输证件、批准出口文件、允许进出口证明书的，由上一级人民政府林业主管部门责令纠正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分；有关人民政府林业主管部门未予纠正的，国务院林业主管部门可以直接处理；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十二条 违反本法规定，买卖林木采伐许可证、木材运输证件、批准出口文件、允许进出口证明书的，由林业主管部门没收违法买卖的证件、文件和违法所得，并处违法买卖证件、文件的价款一倍以上三倍以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
伪造林木采伐许可证、木材运输证件、批准出口文件、允许进出口证明书的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十三条 在林区非法收购明知是盗伐、滥伐的林木的，由林业主管部门责令停止违法行为，没收违法收购的盗伐、滥伐的林木或者变卖所得，可以并处违法收购林木的价款一倍以上三倍以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十四条 违反本法规定，进行开垦、采石、采砂、采土、采种、采脂和其他活动，致使森林、林木受到毁坏的，依法赔偿损失；由林业主管部门责令停止违法行为，补种毁坏株数一倍以上三倍以下的树木，可以处毁坏林木价值一倍以上五倍以下的罚款。
违反本法规定，在幼林地和特种用途林内砍柴、放牧致使森林、林木受到毁坏的，依法赔偿损失；由林业主管部门责令停止违法行为，补种毁坏株数一倍以上三倍以下的树木。
拒不补种树木或者补种不符合国家有关规定的，由林业主管部门代为补种，所需费用由违法者支付。
第四十五条 采伐林木的单位或者个人没有按照规定完成更新造林任务的，发放采伐许可证的部门有权不再发给采伐许可证，直到完成更新造林任务为止；情节严重的，可以由林业主管部门处以罚款，对直接责任人员由所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分。
第四十六条 从事森林资源保护、林业监督管理工作的林业主管部门的工作人员和其他国家机关的有关工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。
第七章 附 则
第四十七条 国务院林业主管部门根据本法制定实施办法，报国务院批准施行。
第四十八条 民族自治地方不能全部适用本法规定的，自治机关可以根据本法的原则，结合民族自治地方的特点，制定变通或者补充规定，依照法定程序报省、自治区或者全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准施行。
第四十九条 本法自1985年1月1日起施行。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会 1998年4月29日 颁布
Forest Law of the People‘s Republic of China
Adopted at the Seventh Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 20, 1984
Amended in accordance with the Decision on the Revision of the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China of the Second Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on April 29, 1998
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Forest Management and Administration
Chapter III Forest Protection
Chapter IV Tree Planting and Afforestation
Chapter V Forest Felling
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted with a view to protecting, cultivating and rationally exploiting forest resources, accelerating territorial afforestation and making use of forests in water storage and soil conservation, climate regulation, environmental improvement and supply of forest products to meet the requirements of socialist construction and people's livelihood.
Article 2 Engagement in activities of growing of saplings and planting, felling and exploitation of woods and forests, forests, woods and forest land management and administration within the territory of the People's Republic of China must abide by this Law.
Article 3 Forest resources belong to state ownership, excluding those specified under law belonging to collective ownership.
State-owned and collective-owned forests, woods and forest lands, individual-owned woods and individual-used forest lands shall be registered by local people's governments at or above the county level and rosters compiled and certificates issued confirming the ownership or right to use. The State Council may authorize the competent department of forestry under the State Council to register and compile rosters of forests, woods and forest lands of the key state-owned forest regions determined by the State Council, issue certificates and notify the local people's governments concerned.
Legitimate rights and interests of owners and users of forests, woods and forest lands are protected by law upon which no unit or individual shall infringe.
Article 4 Forests are classified into the following five categories:
(1) Shelter forests: forests, woods and clusters of bushes with protection as the main aim including water source conservation forests, water and soil conservation forests, shelter forests against wind and for fixing sand, farmland and cattle farm shelter forests, embankment protection forests and highway/railway protection forests;
(2) Timber forests: forests and woods with timber production as the main aim including bamboo groves with production of bamboo materials as the main aim;
(3) Economic forests: woods with the production of fruits, edible oils, drinks, flavorings, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials as the main aim;
(4) Fuel forests: woods with the production of fuel as the main aim; and
(5) Special-purpose forests: forests and woods with national defence, environmental protection and scientific experiments as the main aim including national defence forests, experimental forests, mother tree forests, environmental protection forests, ornamental forests, woods at ancient and historical sites and revolutionary memorial places and forests in nature reserves.
Article 5 Forestry construction pursues the policy of universal forest protection, afforestation in a big way, combination of felling and cultivation and sustainable exploitation with afforestation as the basis.
Article 6 The State encourages scientific research in forestry, popularizes advanced forestry technology in upgrading the scientific and technical level of forestry.
Article 7 The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of forest farmers, lightens forest farmers' burden in accordance with law, prohibits illegal collection of fees and fines from forest farmers and prohibits apportionment and compulsory fund-raising from forest farmers.
The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of collectives and individuals in contractual afforestation. No unit or individual shall infringe on the ownership over woods and other legitimate rights and interests the collectives and individuals have in contractual afforestation in accordance with law.
Article 8 The State carries out the following protective measures with respect to forest resources:
(1) practising quota forest felling, encouraging afforestation and closing hills and mountains to facilitate afforestation and expanding forest coverage;
(2) providing financial support or long-term loans to collectives and individuals for afforestation and facilitation of afforestation in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state and local people's governments;
(3) encouraging comprehensive utilization of timber and economy in timber use, encouraging development and utilization of substitutes for timber;
(4) levying and collecting the sapling growing fee for the special purpose of afforestation and facilitation of afforestation;
(5) departments of coal and paper making drawing a certain amount of fund on the basis of the production of coal, pulp paper and other products for the special purpose of planting timber forests that will be used for mine timber and paper making; and
(6) establishing the system of forestry funds.
The State establishes the forest ecological benefit compensation fund to be used for the planting, tending, protection and management of the forest resources and woods for shelter forests and special-purpose forests either of which generate ecological benefit. The forest ecological benefit compensation fund must be used for the said special purpose and must not be used for other purposes. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 9 The state and people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions give more independent power and economic benefits to forestry production and construction of nationality autonomous localities than to other general areas in forest development, timber allocation and use of forest funds in accordance with the state provisions on autonomous power of nationality autonomous localities.
Article 10 The competent department of forestry under the State Council takes charge of the forestry work nationwide. The competent departments of forestry of local people's governments at or above the county level take charge of the forestry work within their respective areas. People's governments at the village level assign full-time or part-time personnel to be responsible for forestry work.
Article 11 Tree planting, afforestation and forest protection are the obligation that citizens should fulfil. People's governments at all levels should organize voluntary tree planting and afforestation by all citizens and carry out activities of tree planting and afforestation.
Article 12 Units or individuals that have scored remarkable achievements in tree planting and afforestation, forest protection, forest administration and forestry scientific research shall be rewarded by people's governments at all levels.
Chapter II Forest Management and Administration
Article 13 The competent departments of forestry at all levels carry out administration and supervision over protection, utilization and renewal of forest resources pursuant to the provisions of this Law.
Article 14 The competent departments of forestry at all levels shall be responsible for the organization of forest resources survey and establishment of resources archive system to monitor change in resources.
Article 15 The right of use of the following forests, woods and forest lands may be transferred in accordance with law. There can also be equity participation in terms of evaluation or be treated as conditions of contribution and cooperation for joint venture, cooperative afforestation and timber management. However, forest lands must not be turned into non-forest lands:
(1) timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests;
(2) the right of use of forest lands in timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests;
(3) the right of use of forest lands in slashes of felling and burnt slashes of timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests; and
(4) the right of use of other forests, woods and other forest lands specified by the State Council.
Where there is transfer and equity participation in terms of evaluation or those treated as conditions of contribution and cooperation of joint venture, cooperative afforestation and timber management pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the timber felling permits obtained may be simultaneously transferred, meanwhile parties to the transfer must abide by the provisions of this Law concerning forests, timber felling and renewal of afforestation.
Except for the circumstances specified in the first paragraph of this Article, the right of use of other forests, woods and other forest lands must not be transferred.
Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 16 People's governments at all levels should work out long-term forestry planning. State-owned forestry enterprises, institutions and nature reserves should compile forest management schemes in accordance with the long-term forestry planning and submit them to the competent department at the next higher level for approval and implementation thereupon.
The competent departments of forestry should guide rural collective economic organizations and state-owned farms, cattle farms and industrial and mining enterprises in the compilation of forest management schemes.
Article 17 Disputes arising between units over timber and forest land ownership and the right of use shall be handled by people's governments at or above the county level according to law.
Disputes arising between individuals and between an individual and a unit over woods ownership and the right of use of forest lands shall be handled by local people's governments at the county level or at the village level according to law.
When a party refuses to accept the decision of the people's government, he/she may bring a suit at a people's court within one month from the date of receipt of the notice.
Pending a settlement of the dispute over woods and forest land ownership, neither of the parties shall fell the woods in dispute.
Article 18 No forest land or less forest land should be occupied in exploration and mining of mineral resources and all construction projects; where occupation or requisition of forest land is necessitated, formalities of examination and approval for land use for construction shall be completed pursuant to laws and administrative regulations on land administration upon the examination, verification and consent of the competent department of forestry of the people's government at or above the county level and the land use unit shall pay the forest vegetation restoration fee pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State Council. The forest vegetation restoration fee shall be used for the specified purpose. Competent departments of forestry shall make unified arrangement for tree planting and afforestation pursuant to relevant provisions and restore forest vegetation. The area of tree planting and afforestation shall not be less than the area of forest vegetation reduced as a result of occupation and requisition of forest land. The competent department of forestry at the next higher level should supervise, urge and inspect the competent department of forestry at the next lower level at regular intervals in the organization of tree planting and afforestation and restoration of forest vegetation.
No unit or individual shall use the forest vegetation restoration fee for other purposes. Audit organs of people's governments at or above the county level should step up supervision over the use of the forest vegetation restoration fee.
Chapter III Forest Protection
Article 19 Local people's governments at all levels should organize the departments concerned in the establishment of forest protection organizations to be responsible for the work of forest protection; step up forest protection in the light of actual requirements in large-area forest regions by building additional forest protection facilities; supervise and urge grass-roots units with forests and those in forest regions to make a forest protection pledge, organize mass forest protection, delimit forest protection responsibility areas and assign full-time or part-time forest guards.
Forest guards may be appointed by people's governments at the county level or at the village level. Main responsibilities of a forest guard are: to patrol and protect forest, and stop acts of destroying forest resources. A forest guard has the power to ask the local department concerned to deal with whoever that has caused destruction of forest resources.
Article 20 Forest public security organs established in forest regions pursuant to relevant state provisions shall be responsible for the maintenance of the social order under jurisdiction and for the protection of forest resources under jurisdiction and may, pursuant to the provisions of this Law and within the authorized scope of the competent department of forestry under the State Council, exercise on its behalf the power of administrative penalties specified in Articles 39, 42, 43 and 44 of this Law.
The Armed Forest Police Force performs the missions of prevention, extinguishment of forest fires and rescue operations assigned by the state.
Article 21 Local people's governments at all levels should earnestly carry out the work of prevention and extinguishment of forest fires and rescue operations:
(1) specifying forest fire prevention periods and banning field use of fire in a forest region during forest fire prevention periods; in case of necessity of use of fire owing to extraordinary circumstances, it must be subjected to the approval of the people's government at the county level or the authorized organ of the people's government at the county level;
(2) installing fire prevention facilities in forest regions;
(3) immediately organizing local army units, civilians and the departments concerned in fire extinguishment and rescue operations in the event of a forest fire; and
(4) with respect to those injured, disabled or deceased in extinguishment of a forest fire and rescue operations, workers and staff members of the state shall be given medical treatment or pension for the deceased by the units wherein they are employed; non-state workers and staff members shall be given medical treatment or pension for the deceased by the unit where the fire broke out pursuant to the provisions of the competent department concerned under the State Council; where the unit where the fire broke out bears no responsibility for the outbreak of the fire or has no actual ability to bear the burden, the local people's government shall provide the medical treatment and pension for the deceased.
Article 22 The competent departments of forestry at all levels shall be responsible for the organization of the work of prevention and control of forest plant diseases and insect pests.
The competent departments of forestry shall be responsible for determining the objects of quarantine among nursery stocks of woods, delimiting quarantine areas and protective areas and carrying out quarantine of nursery stocks of woods.
Article 23 Destruction of forest for reclamation and destruction of forest for quarrying, sand gathering and earth gathering as well as other acts of forest destruction are prohibited.
Cutting of firewood and grazing in young forest lands and special-purpose forests are prohibited.
Personnel entering forests and the fringe areas of forests must not shift or damage marks set up in the service of forestry without authorization.
Article 24 The competent department of forestry under the State Council and people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should delimit nature reserves and step up protection and administration in typical forest ecological regions, forest regions wherein rare and precious animals and plants grow and breed (multiply), natural tropical rain forest regions and other natural forest regions with special value of protection in different natural belts.
Measures for the administration of nature reserves shall be worked out by the competent department of forestry under the State Council which shall come into force upon submission to the State Council for approval.
Serious protection should be given to rare and precious trees outside nature reserves and plant resources with special value in forest regions; no felling or gathering thereof shall be made without the approval of the competent departments of forestry of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 25 Hunting and catching of wild animals under state protection in forest regions are prohibited; where hunting and catching are necessitated for special requirements, they shall be handled pursuant to relevant state provisions.
Chapter IV Tree Planting and Afforestation
Article 26 People's governments at all levels should work out planning for tree planting and afforestation and determine the goals to be striven for in raising forest coverage of the respective areas in the light of local conditions.
People's governments at all levels should organize all trades and professions and rural and urban inhabitants in the fulfillment of tasks set in the planning for tree planting and afforestation.
On barren hills and waste lands suitable for afforestation that belong to the state, afforestation shall be organized by the competent departments of forestry and other competent departments; on those belonging to collectives, afforestation shall be organized by collective economic organizations.
Afforestation shall be organized by the competent departments concerned in the light of local conditions on either side of railways, highways, on either banks of rivers and on the rim of lakes and reservoirs; on land under use by industrial and mining areas, organs and schools, armed forces barracks as well as areas managed by farms, cattle farms and fish farms, afforestation shall be the responsibility of the said units.
State-owned and collective-owned barren hills and waste lands suitable for afforestation may be contracted out to collectives or individuals for afforestation.
Article 27 Woods planted by state-owned enterprises and institutions, organs, societies and armed forces shall be managed by the units that have planted them and gains from the woods shall be budgeted pursuant to state provisions.
Woods planted by a unit of collective ownership shall belong to the said unit.
Trees planted by rural inhabitants at the front and back of their farm houses, on plots of land for personal needs and plots on hills for personal needs belong to the said individuals. Trees planted by urban and township inhabitants, workers and staff members in the courtyards of their own houses belong to the said individuals.
For state-owned and collective-owned barren hills and waste lands suitable for afforestation contracted out to collectives or individuals for afforestation, the trees planted after contracting belong to the contracting collectives or individuals; provisions of the contract shall be adhered to in case of separate provisions in the contract.
Article 28 Local people's governments shall organize closure of mountains and hills for afforestation in newly-planted young forest lands and other places that necessitate the closure of mountains and hills for afforestation.
Chapter V Forest Felling
Article 29 The State strictly controls the annual rate of forest felling in accordance with the principle that the rate of consumption is lower than the rate of growth. Annual quotas for felling shall be worked out by state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions, farms, factories and mines as units with respect to the state-owned forests and woods and by counties as units with respect to collective-owned forests and woods and individually-owned woods which shall be collected and consolidated by the competent departments of forestry of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and submitted to the State Council for approval upon examination and verification by people's governments at the corresponding level.
Article 30 The State formulates a unified annual timber production plan. The annual timber production plan must not exceed the approved annual quota for felling. The scope of plan control shall be specified by the State Council.
Article 31 The following provisions must be abided by in the felling of forests and woods:
(1) For mature timber forests the modes of selective felling, total felling or gradual felling should be employed in the light of different conditions. Total felling shall be strictly controlled and renewed afforestation shall be completed within the same year of felling or the following year.
(2) Only felling in the nature of tending and renewal is permitted in shelter forests and such special-purpose forests as national defence forests, mother tree forests, environmental protection forests and ornamental forests.
(3) Felling is strictly prohibited in such special-purpose forests as woods at ancient and historic sites and revolutionary memorial places and forests in nature reserves.
Article 32 Anyone who intends to fell timber must apply for a felling permit and the felling must be carried out pursuant to the provisions of the permit; but rural inhabitants who intend to fell scattered trees owned individually by themselves and growing on plots of land for their personal needs or at the front and back of their farm houses are excluded.
For timber felling by state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions, organs, societies, armed units, schools and other state-owned enterprises and institutions, the felling permits shall be issued, upon examination and verification, by the competent departments of forestry at or above the county level of the locality where they are located pursuant to relevant provisions.
For renewal felling of railway and highway protection forests and urban and township trees, the felling permits shall be issued, upon examination and verification, by the competent departments concerned pursuant to relevant provisions.
For timber felling by rural collective economic organizations, the felling permits shall be issued, upon examination and verification, by the competent departments of forestry at the county level pursuant to relevant provisions.
For the felling of trees on plots of hills or mountains for personal needs by rural inhabitants and collective woods contracted out to individuals, the felling permits shall be issued, upon examination and verification, by the competent departments of forestry at the county level or the village or township people's governments entrusted by them pursuant to relevant provisions.
Provisions of the afore-said paragraphs apply to the felling of bamboo groves with production of bamboo materials as the main aim.
Article 33 Departments in charge of examination, verification and issuance of felling permits must not issue felling permits beyond the approved annual felling quotas.
Article 34 State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions must, in applying for felling permits, present documents on survey and design of the felling area. Other units must, in applying for felling permits, present documents on the purpose, location, forest type, forest status, area, retained area, mode of felling and renewal measures relating to the felling.
A felling permit issuing department has the power to withdraw the felling permit from a unit that fails to conform to provisions in felling operations and suspend its felling operations until a rectification has been made.
Article 35 Timber felling units or individuals must, pursuant to the area, number of trees, species of trees and time period specified in the felling permits, complete the tasks of renewal and afforestation. The area of renewal and afforestation and number of trees to be planted anew must not be less than the felling area and number of trees already felled.
Article 36 Control measures for the management and supervision of timber in forest regions shall be formulated separately by the State Council.
Article 37 A transport permit issued by the competent departments of forestry shall be required for transporting timber out of a forest region, except for the timber unifiedly allocated by the state.
The competent departments of forestry should issue transport permits for the transportation out of the forest regions of the timber felled pursuant to the provisions of the felling permits obtained in accordance with law.
With the approval of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, timber inspection stations may be set up in forest regions to be responsible for the inspection of timber transportation. Timber inspection stations have the power to stop the timber transportation without obtainment of transport permits or allocation notices issued by the competent departments of materials.
Article 38 The State prohibits and restricts the export of rare and precious trees and their products and derivatives. The catalogue and annual restricted export volume of rare and precious trees and their products and derivatives, the export of which is prohibited or restricted, shall be worked out by the competent department of forestry under the State Council in conjunction with the departments concerned under the State Council and submitted to the State Council for approval.
Whoever intends to export rare and precious trees or their products and derivatives, the export of which is restricted as specified in the preceding paragraph, must go through the examination and verification of the competent departments of forestry under the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government wherein the exporter is located, and then report to the competent department of forestry under the State Council for approval. The customs gives clearance on the strength of the approval document of the competent department of forestry under the State Council. For the import and export of those trees or their products and derivatives, which are among the endangered species and the import and export of which is restricted by an international convention to which China has acceded, an application for an import or export permit must be filed at the state import-export control agency for endangered species and the customs gives clearance on the strength of the import or export permit.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 39 Whoever engages in pirate felling of forest or other trees shall compensate for the losses incurred in accordance with law; the offender shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry to plant ten times the number of trees piratically felled, confiscated of the trees piratically felled or the gains from the sales of trees piratically felled, and concurrently imposed a fine of more than three times and less than ten times the value of the trees piratically felled.
Whoever engages in indiscriminate felling of forest or other trees shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry to plant five times the number of trees indiscriminately felled and concurrently imposed a fine of more than twice and less than five times the value of the trees indiscriminately felled.
If the offender refuses to plant trees or fails to conform to relevant state provisions in planting trees, the competent department of forestry shall do it on his/her behalf and the expenses required be paid by him/her.
Whoever piratically fells or indiscriminately fells forest or other trees shall, if a crime has been constituted, be investigated of the criminal liability according to law.
Article 40 Whoever illegally fells or destroys rare and precious trees in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be investigated of criminal liability according to law.
Article 41 Whoever issues timber felling permits beyond the approved annual felling quotas, or issues timber felling permits, timber transport permits, export approval documents or import or export permits beyond authority in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry of the people's government at the next higher level to make a rectification; the person-in-charge held directly responsible and other personnel directly responsible shall be imposed administrative sanctions according to law; in case of failure in enforcing rectification by the competent department of forestry of the people's government concerned, the competent department of forestry under the State Council may handle the case directly; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.
Article 42 Whoever engages in buying and selling of timber felling permits, timber transport permits, export approval documents and import or export permits in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be confiscated of the permits or documents illegally bought or sold and the illegal gains, and concurrently imposed a fine of more than 100% and less than three times the amount of price of the permits or documents illegally bought or sold; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.
Whoever forges timber felling permits, timber transport permits, export approval documents and import or export permits shall be investigated of criminal liability according to law.
Article 43 Whoever illegally purchases timber that he/she clearly knows was piratically felled or indiscriminately felled in forest regions shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry to stop the illegal acts, confiscated of the timber piratically felled or indiscriminately felled and illegally purchased or the gains from the sales thereof, and may be concurrently imposed a fine of more than 100% and less than three times the amount of the price of the timber illegally purchased; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.
Article 44 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in reclamation, quarrying, sand gathering, earth gathering, seed collection, resin collection and other activities resulting in the destruction of forests and woods shall compensate for the losses incurred according to law; the offender shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry to stop the illegal acts, to plant more than 100% and less than three times the number of the trees destroyed, and may be imposed a fine of more than 100% and less than five times the value of the trees destroyed.
Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, cuts firewood or grazes cattle in young forest lands or special-purpose forests resulting in the destruction of forests and woods shall compensate for the losses incurred according to law; the offender shall be ordered by the competent department of forestry to stop the illegal acts and plant more than 100% and less than three times the number of the trees destroyed.
If the offender refuses to plant trees or fails to conform to relevant state provisions in planting trees, the competent department of forestry shall do it on his/her behalf, and the expenses required shall be paid by the offender.
Article 45 If any timber felling unit or individual fails to fulfil the renewal afforestation tasks pursuant to provisions, the felling permit issuing department has the power to stop issuing felling permits to it or him/her until it or he/she has completed the renewal afforestation tasks; where the circumstances are serious, the competent department of forestry may impose a fine and the employer unit or the competent organ at the next higher level may impose administrative sanctions on the personnel directly responsible.
Article 46 Functionaries of the competent departments of forestry engaging in forest resources protection and forestry supervision and administration and functionaries concerned of other state organs who abuse power, neglect duty and indulge in self-seeking misconduct constituting a crime shall be investigated of criminal liability according to law; where a crime has not been constituted, administrative sanctions shall be imposed according to law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 47 The competent department of forestry under the State Council shall, in pursuance of this Law, formulate measures for its implementation, which shall be submitted to the State Council for approval and put into force thereupon.
Article 48 In nationality autonomous localities where provisions of this Law may not be applicable in full, autonomous organs may, pursuant to the principles of this Law and in the light of the characteristics of nationality autonomous localities, formulate flexible or supplementary provisions and submit them to the standing committee of the provincial or autonomous regional people's congress or the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress according to legal procedures for approval before putting them into force.
Article 49 This Law enters into force as of January 1, 1985.
Promulgated by The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on 1998-4-29
|
点击排行
